Evaluation of Business Strategy Employed by Google China for Ascertaining Viability of Organisation Free Essay Example, 2250 words

Porter, has argued that a firm needs to have sustainable competitive advantages and there are two sources of competitive advantage; cost advantage and differentiation. In a differentiation strategy used by Google. cn, an organization seeks to be unique from other competitors in the industry where it offers services that are valued by the customers. Its position is entrenched by its ability to customize the search engine according to Chinese users language needs as well as launching a series of services to complement the search function. Through the development of a strategic partnership with China Mobile, China s largest telecom service operator, the organization s strategic position is strengthened and this gives the organization a competitive advantage over other rival competitors. 3.0 Analysis of the organization s strategic direction In order to critically analyze the organization s strategic direction paying particular attention to the identification of the methods by which th e organization s strategies have been pursued, it is imperative to conduct a SWOT analysis. A SWOT analysis defines the relationship between the internal and external environmental factors in the appraisals in the strategic analysis (Robinson 1997). Basically, SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses which represent the internal environment of the firm while opportunities and threats are external environmental factors. We will write a custom essay sample on Evaluation of Business Strategy Employed by Google China for Ascertaining Viability of Organisation or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Therefore, the objective of this analysis is to use the strategic pointers in order to use the existing business strengths to exploit the opportunities, create new opportunities, to counteract threats and repair the weaknesses (Robinson 1997). The major strength of Google is that it uses a complex set of highly developed processes in terms of innovative offerings and it also has a cutting-edge information technology infrastructure. In as far as strategic direction is concerned, this can go a long way in entrenching the position and strategy of the organization if properly implemented. This gives it a competitive edge which makes it possible to attain its strategic direction with the aim of positively influencing the behavior of internet users in China.

Essay on How to Fight Hate Groups - 566 Words

A Hate Group is an organized group that acts with violence and hate towards people because of their religion, race, gender, and/or sexual orientation. Hate groups act either verbal or physical towards certain people. There are many different hate groups. Some hate groups don’t like anyone who is black, some act against people who are homosexual, and some don’t like and will act cruel toward someone who is Jewish. According to the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC), there are 926 hate groups today in the United States: and twelve hate groups in New Jersey alone. Some names of hate groups that are operating in United States are Ku Klux Klan, Army of God, World Church of the Creator, Neo-Nazi, Black Separatist, and Racist†¦show more content†¦Simmons. William J. Simmons was the founder of the second Klan in 1915. The first Klan did not use the burning of the cross. There were three Klan. The first one was from 1865 to 1870s, the second one was from 1915 to 1944, and the third one is since 1946. Another hate group is Neo-Nazi; it is a group that was founded by George Lincoln Rockwell in 1959 in the United States. It is known to target Jews and African Americans, but it also attack people with different religion opinion. Neo-Nazi bothered and attacked Asians, Arabs, Latinos, homosexuals, Catholics, and Native Americans. Adolf Hitler, most evil man in history, killed around eleven million people. He killed people who were Jewish, Gypsies, Poles, and some Slavs. Hitler also killed people with health or mental disabilities. Victims also included homosexuals, Jehovah’s Witnesses, and anyone who looked different. It is said that 6 million Jews were killed during the Holocaust, one-third of all Jewish people living at the time. The Holocaust started in 1933 and ended in 1945. Concentration camps are camps where most of the people died. They were killed in different ways. They were either killed by guns, starvation, or working to hard. Some victims were told they were going to take a shower but they were walking in a gas chamber and that’s how they were killed. There are many ways to fight hate. Sometimes they work and sometimes it doesn’t. One way I think it wouldShow MoreRelatedHate Crimes1581 Words   |  7 Pagesincrease in the number of hate crimes being committed within the United States. Hate groups also are mobilizing. This poses a problem for Americans. The Southern Poverty Law Center provides a solution for this by monitoring hate groups and gathering information about them. To continue doing this, they need donations to keep operating but multiple barriers exist for individuals to contribute funds. Increase in hate crimes, mobilization of hate groups Hate groups, and hate crimes associated with theirRead MoreThe Southern Poverty Law Center : Group Analysis741 Words   |  3 Pageswhat they do and how they represent themselves. They fight against hatred and prejudice while searching for a fairness system for those individuals in society who are more liable than others. SPLC uses education, prosecution and additional ways of justification to try and make opportunity and justice equal for everyone. This is a difficulty that will be worth it in the long run. There was a lot of essential information in the â€Å"Hate and Extremism† section. The SPLC regulates hate groups and other revolutionistRead MoreGay Rights1419 Words   |  6 Pagesmovement is a continuing procession that fights for their rights. The gay rights movement actually begins on November 11, 1950 when gay rights activist Harry Hay founds America’s first national gay rights organization by the name of Mattachine Society, according to the â€Å"Timeline: Milestones in the American Gay Rights Movement†. Their leaders or people who advanced their purpose are Harvey Milk, Harry Hay, LGBT, or lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transsexual groups. This purpose is to stop intoleranceRead MoreThe Causes Of Racism And Racial Profiling In America1038 Words   |  5 Pagesand prejudice through hate crimes, the social media, and government officials. Opposed to common beliefs, almost all hate crimes aren’t committed by people who belong to a hate groups. But are generally done by individuals who are considered to be teenagers or young adults. The FBI in 2015 released a recent statistic on which group of minorities had the most crimes committed against them 164,000 for hate crimes + blacks, 134,000 hate crimes + Muslims, and 36,400 for hate crimes + Jews. (DiemRead MoreMedia s Influence On Society985 Words   |  4 Pagesprescription and description. They tell us how society sees us and tell us how to behave in society with the help of media hegemony which is â€Å"a condition that occurs when dominant groups in society control the mass media, largely through ownership† (John V. Pavlik). With media hegemony in our media conveys and reinforces negative stereotypes of a group of people. Users online is posting, uploading photos, videos, and commenting without considering how it vilifies other groups or persons. Since images are presentRead MoreThe Outsiders Essay808 Words   |  4 PagesMuch of our literature, poetry, and film is stained with the sad truth that contempt exists between people groups. Throughout the novel â€Å"The Outsiders† by S.E. Hinton, this idea is very prevalent as the two gangs battle it out only to realize that the only way to make things right is by really trying to understand each others viewpoints. When social classes are in place, they tend to fight against each other, but the only way to really solve the problem is by putting down the weapons and just acceptingRead MoreThe Importance Of Love In Cry The Beloved Country By Alan Paton900 Words   |  4 PagesMandela, a famous equality activist from South Africa, once said â€Å"No one is born hating another person because of the color of his skin, or his background, or his religion †¦ if they can learn to hate, they can be taught to love.† When you are born you know nothing but love, unless you are taught otherwise. Hate is a characteristic that can be changed to love through becoming understanding and empathetic to all people. Arthur Jarvis, a white civil rights activist who was shot and killed in his home andRead MoreHate Groups Essay1157 Words   |  5 PagesBAN THE HATE GROUPS!! br brRight now, there are many active hate groups in the United States such as the Ku Klux Klan, Neo-Nazi, Skinheads, Christian identity, Black Separatists, etc. These hate groups like the Ku Klux Klan, which is one of Americas oldest and more feared, use violence and move above the law to promote their different causes. Another example is a group called Christian Identity, who describes a religion that is fundamentally racist and anti-Semitic; and other are the Black SeparatistRead MoreGay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer History1379 Words   |  6 Pagespier dance. These two documents should be the centerpieces of the museum because the pride pier dance of 1996 was an important event in Maine gay history, and because of the major role Michael Rossetti played during that time period in addition to how perfectly he handled the situation that was caused by the event. Before mentioning the reasons as to why the two documents should be the centerpieces it is important to know more about the Southern Maine Pride organization that held the event. The organizationRead More Hate Groups in the United States Essay1142 Words   |  5 PagesHate Groups in the United States Right now, there are many active hate groups in the United States such as the Ku Klux Klan, Neo-Nazi, Skinheads, Christian identity, Black Separatists, etc. These hate groups like the Ku Klux Klan, which is one of America’s oldest and more feared, use violence and move above the law to promote their different causes. Another example is a group called Christian Identity, who describes a religion that is fundamentally racist and anti-Semitic; and other are the

Project Management of Systems Approach To Planning †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Project Management of Systems Approach To Planning. Answer: What are five characteristics, which help, differentiate projects from other functions carried out in the daily operations of the organization? Answer: The following list explains the five characteristics, which would be used for the differentiation of the daily activities from the functions of a project: A fully defined time line of the project A well-defined process objective Involvement of peoples from different sectors of work The following of a life cycle of the project Following of a specific time, performance and cost for the project Why is the implementation of projects important to strategic planning and the project manager? Answer: The strategic planning of the implementation of the primary process of the project can be described as follows: A new product Implementation of a new information system. A new plant for the production of the new products. The project manager is the main person responsible for the completion and the management of the project: Timely completion of the project Keeping the project within the budget Keeping the project with the following of the specification The technical and sociocultural dimensions of project management are two sides to the same coin. Explain. Answer: The technical and the sociocultural specific dimension of the project management can be considered as two sides of a coin. This is because for the completion of the project the complete skill set is required. What are the relative advantages and disadvantages of the functional, matrix, and dedicated team approaches to managing projects? Answer: Advantages Disadvantages Functional Approach There are no radical alteration in the basic organizational structure Use of staff in accordance to maximum flexibility Maintenance of normal career path Lack of focus on the project Slow in completion Lack of ownership of the project Improper cross-functional integration with the project. Matrix Approach Flexible use of the resources within the project Focus on the project Proper balance with the technical requirements Conflict in the dysfunctional use of the process Slow is completion of the process Superiors are able to induce stress Dedicated Team Approach Is not able to disrupt the basic organizational structure. Project focus is kept concentrated on the main topic Strong use of cross functional integration Projects are completed within the timeline The decision of what to do when the project ends is a dilemma. The technical expertise of the project is limited to the team members Expensive in nature. How are projects linked to the strategic plan? Answer: As most of the projects are more important than the others, the best possible way for the maximization of the project and the resources. The use of priority scheme can be used for the maximization of the resources for the project. This can also be used for the balancing of the risk and the contribution to the strategic plan. What are the six elements of a typical scope statement? Answer: The following list are the six elements for the completion of the scope statement: Objective of the project Proper deliverable Completion of milestones Proper technical requirements needs to be met Limitation and exclusion Review of the customers The completion of a project should comprise of all the above six elements for he success of the project. What questions does a project objective answer? What would be an example of a good project objective? Answer: A project objective generally shares the basic information of what, when and how for the completion of a project. For the completion of the foot over bridge over the Thames River by the end of 2018 within a budget of $2 million. What does it mean if the priorities of a project include Timeconstrain, Scope- accept, and Costenhance? Answer: The project needs to be completion within a specific data with the following of the scope. The scope should be scaled down from the set out details to match the working budget and the timeframe. There should also be the chance for the reduction of the cost at any point of time during the project. For the completion of a project the three main requirements are4 scope, cost and time. These three factors would be responsible for the determination of the quality of the project. Timeconstrain: the project must be delivered on time. Scope- accept: reduction in the scope and the performance of the project is acceptable Costenhance: optimization of the cost needs to be done and reduction of the cost needs to be followed. List three kinds of information that are included in a work package. Answer: The three kinds of information that are shared in the work package are: What the work is to be done How long would the project take to complete How much of the resources are to be required When would it be appropriate to create a responsibility matrix rather than a full-blown WBS? Answer: Use of the responsibility matric is used in small projects for the proper organization and the assignment of the small process in the project along with the large process combined of many sub process. Project Background and Description Based on the case study the project is to organize a football competition for the Manchester United Soccer Club (MUSC). The revenue is to be collected and the newly appointed tournament director, Nicolette Larson, would organize the complete completion. Nicolette Larson discusses about the meeting along with her husband who would help her with the work. The use of the WBS and the Gantt chart would help Nicolette Larson to manage the competition and the work related to the project. Project Scope For the completion of the project the major scope to be followed are: To generate a revenue not more than $450. To complete the project within a deadline of 20 days. To manage the risk of the project when it is raised. High-Level Requirements The project would require the use of some of the basic products for the completion of a football match. There are use of any high level products for the project. The details are to be collected in written format. The details are the stored and managed in a proper database. Deliverables and Milestones The projects deliverables can be discussed as follows: Task Name Duration Start Finish Manchester United Soccer Club Case Study 19.75 days Mon 2/12/18 Fri 3/9/18 Registration of all the Teams: 4 days Mon 2/12/18 Thu 2/15/18 Screening process based on age limit 12 hrs Mon 2/12/18 Tue 2/13/18 Entry fees collection 12 hrs Tue 2/13/18 Wed 2/14/18 Sharing of rules and regulations 1 day Thu 2/15/18 Thu 2/15/18 Match time determination 6 hrs Thu 2/15/18 Thu 2/15/18 Walk out of the process 2 hrs Thu 2/15/18 Thu 2/15/18 Planning fields for play offs: 2.5 days Fri 2/16/18 Tue 2/20/18 Choosing ground for the games 1.25 days Fri 2/16/18 Mon 2/19/18 Penalty spot on the ground 5 hrs Fri 2/16/18 Fri 2/16/18 Centre spot on the ground 5 hrs Fri 2/16/18 Mon 2/19/18 Making alignment on the field 5 hrs Mon 2/19/18 Mon 2/19/18 Net hanging for goal posts 5 hrs Mon 2/19/18 Tue 2/20/18 Sponsorships: 5.5 days Tue 2/20/18 Tue 2/27/18 T-shirt Jersey 2 days Tue 2/20/18 Thu 2/22/18 Football 2 days Thu 2/22/18 Mon 2/26/18 Closing ceremony arrangement 1.5 days Mon 2/26/18 Tue 2/27/18 Media coverage 12 hrs Mon 2/26/18 Tue 2/27/18 Official Match People: 7.5 days Wed 2/28/18 Fri 3/9/18 Referee (qualified) 3 days Wed 2/28/18 Fri 3/2/18 Main Ground 12 hrs Wed 2/28/18 Thu 3/1/18 Sideline 12 hrs Thu 3/1/18 Fri 3/2/18 Ball pickers Boys 12 hrs Mon 3/5/18 Tue 3/6/18 Scorer 12 hrs Tue 3/6/18 Wed 3/7/18 Time checkers 12 hrs Thu 3/8/18 Fri 3/9/18 Award Distribution: 0.25 days Fri 3/9/18 Fri 3/9/18 Medals for every member of the winning team 2 hrs Fri 3/9/18 Fri 3/9/18 1st prize trophy 2 hrs Fri 3/9/18 Fri 3/9/18 Certificate for best performers 0.25 days Fri 3/9/18 Fri 3/9/18 Best goal keeper award 2 hrs Fri 3/9/18 Fri 3/9/18 Top scorer award 2 hrs Fri 3/9/18 Fri 3/9/18 Trophy for the player of the tournament 2 hrs Fri 3/9/18 Fri 3/9/18 Best ball picker of the tournament 2 hrs Fri 3/9/18 Fri 3/9/18 Stakeholders The major stakeholders of the project are: Accountable Responsible Consulted Informed Project manager yes yes Treasury yes yes Secretary yes yes Player coach yes yes High-Level Timeline/Schedule Figure 1: Gantt chart for the project (Source: Created By Author) Figure 2: Work Breakdown structure for the project (Source: Created By Author) References Alias, Z., Zawawi, E. M. A., Yusof, K., Aris, N. M. (2014). Determining critical success factors of project management practice: A conceptual framework.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,153, 61-69. Fleming, Q. W., Koppelman, J. M. (2016, December). Earned value project management. Project Management Institute. Fuller, M. A., Valacich, J. S., George, J. F., Schneider, C. (2017).Information Systems Project Management: A Process and Team Approach, Edition 1.1. Prospect Press. Heagney, J. (2016).Fundamentals of project management. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Kerzner, H., Kerzner, H. R. (2017).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Kerzner, H., Kerzner, H. R. (2017).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Pinto, J. K. (2015).Project management: achieving competitive advantage. Prentice Hall. Schwalbe, K. (2015).Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Turner, R. (2016).Gower handbook of project management. Routledge. Zou, W., Kumaraswamy, M., Chung, J., Wong, J. (2014). Identifying the critical success factors for relationship management in PPP projects.International Journal of Project Management,32(2), 265-274.

Interpretation of the Downton Abbey Essays - Downton Abbey, Downton

British period drama Downton Abbey has become a global sensation since hitting our screens in 2010. An almost instant hit in the UK, series two cemented Downton as a worldwide "phenomenon" and one of the UK's biggest exports, with more than 100 countries owning the rights to broadcast the show. The series is set in the fictional Downton Abbey, a Yorkshire country house, the seat of the Earl and Countess of Grantham, and follows the lives of the aristocratic Crawley family and their servants during the reign of King George V. The first series spanned the two years before the Great War beginning with news of the sinking of the Titanic in 1912, which set the story in motion. The second series covered the years 1916 to 1919, and the 2011 Christmas Special covered the 1919 Christmas period, ending in early 1920. The third series picks up soon thereafter, covering 1920 through the autumn of 1921. I have watched the first two series and the beginning of the third series and I find some key words to interpret this drama. Locations Highclere Castle in Hampshire was used for exterior shots of Downton Abbey and most of the interior filming. The village of Bampton in Oxfordshire was used to film outdoor scenes, most notably St Mary's Church and the library, which served as the entrance to the cottage hospital. Many historical locations and aristocratic mansions were used to film various scenes. The fictional Haxby Park, the estate Sir Richard Carlisle intends to buy in Series 2, is part of Waddesdon Manor in Buckinghamshire.Inveraray Castle doubled as "Duneagle Castle" in the 2012 Christmas special. In the third series, Bates' prison scenes were filmed at Lincoln Castle in Lincolnshire. The Downton Abbey of the title and setting, though fictional, is described as lying in the historical County of Yorkshire. The towns of Easingwold, Kirkby Malzeard, Kirkbymoorside, Malton, Middlesbrough, Ripon, Richmond, and Thirsk, each mentioned by characters in the series, lie in present-day North Yorkshire, as does the city of York, while Leeds?similarly mentioned?lies in West Yorkshire. Those locations are signs that this drama is completely different from other dramas which take place in modern times. In this special setting, the Downton Abbey must have other distinctive characteristics. Love British-style romantic love lies in almost every English literary works. In the Downton Abbey, the restraining sentiments between gentlemen and ladies that make us relaxed and fascinated are quite different from the free love. Matthew, a handsome and independent lawyer, fell in love with Mary, the eldest daughter of Lord. Among the three daughters, Mary is the most beautiful one; she had a number of pursuers after the death of her fianc?. After long-term engagement, Mary came to love Matthew for his is upright and aspirant. Costumes The stories of first two series took place between 1912 and 1919; accordingly, the fashion trend of costumes has undergone slight changes. Skirt became shorter, looser and more comfortable. In the first series, actress are required to wear corsets while in the second series, the requirement is not that strict. However, in this huge drama, all the actors and actress, from noblemen to servant, wear second-hand costumes borrowed from theatres except actress Maggie Smith. She played the Lord Grantham?s mother. All the finest elements of British drama can be traced in the Downton Abbey: calm language, huge story of aristocratic family, contradictory and restrained personality. I don?t know the ending of it, but I hope that it could have a happy ending just like the stories from the pen of Jane Austen.

Lab Report of the Experiment of Conjugation of E. Coli Essay Example

Lab Report of the Experiment of Conjugation of E. Coli Paper Using alkaline lysine nipper, a DNA lassie was isolated from the donor and transcontinental strains and FIG electrophoresis was used to determine the size of the plasmid. The conjugation efficiency was found to be 16. 25% and the plasmid DNA was approximately 97 kilobytes long. The results show that the F plasmid was effectively transferred from the donor cells into the recipient cells via conjugation. Introduction:Bacterial conjugation is the unidirectional transfer of either genomic DNA or plasmid DNA from a donor bacterial cell to a recipient bacterial cell by cell-to-cell contact via a sex pills (Sonatas Simmons, 2006). Conjugation was first discovered by Elderberry and Datum in 1946. In their experiment, they grew two strains of bacteria in separate vessels with rich medium and then together in one vessel containing the same medium. Then, they spread the three vessel contents onto medium agar plates and incubated them overnight at ETC. The only plate that showed cell growth was the plate containing the mixture of the two bacterial strains. The other two plates showed no growth. This experiment proved that in order for recombination to occur, the two strains must come in contact with one another (Elderberry, Datum, 1946). In 1950, Bernard Davis discovered that cell-to-cell contact was required to obtain a transcontinental. Using a U tube containing a sintered filter between the two sides of the tube, he added two types of bacteria (donor and recipient) to each side of the tube. Because of the filter, Davis never observed conjugation. This further proved that in order for conjugation to occur, the cells must come into physical contact. In order for cells to undergo conjugation, one cell must contain a fertility factor (F). William Hayes discovered this F factor in 1952. The F factor, which is a small auricular molecule of DNA (plasmid), controls the synthesis of F pill that connect donor and recipient cells during conjugation. These F factors are approximately 105 bagpipers in size. In bacterial conjugation, a donor cell containing the F plasmid is referred to as an F+ cell while a recipient cell that lacks the plasmid is an F- cell. When an F+ cell mates with an F- cell (conjugation), the plasmid is transferred. Both the donor and recipient cells become F+ cells and contain the F plasmid. While transferring the F+ plasmid, sometimes the plasmid is integrated into the recipients chromosome. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report of the Experiment of Conjugation of E. Coli specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report of the Experiment of Conjugation of E. Coli specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report of the Experiment of Conjugation of E. Coli specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer These cells are referred to as Hoff cells. Sometimes chromosomal DNA is looped out of the F plasmid, and chromosomal genes are transferred into the recipient; the recipient cells are referred to as F strains. When donor F cells mate with recipient F- cells, genomic DNA is transferred from donor to recipient. This transfer is known as seduction and the cell that receives the F plasmid from the donor is referred to as a transcontinental (Sonatas Simmons, 2006). In the experiment performed, conjugation was studied in E. Coli bacterial cells. The donor bacterial cells contained the F plasmid that had the lack+ gene integrated into it, making the cells Flag+stars. The recipient bacterial cells were F- lack-stir. The donor and recipient cells were mixed and plated onto streptomycin indicator plates. Using AGE electrophoresis, plasmid DNA was isolated and its size was determined. The plasmid was present in the donor and transcontinental cells; however, in the recipient cells the plasmid was absent. Materials and Methods:One ml of each of donor (Flag+stars) and recipient (F- lack-stir) the E. Oil bacterial strains, from the American Type Culture Collection in Rockville, Md. , was pipettes with a pitman into a sterile culture tube and incubated, without shaking, at 370 C for 90 minutes. Before plating the strains on agar plates, dilutions of the three strains of cells were prepared with LB broth. 100 Pl of 10-5 and 10-6 dilutions of donor cells were each plated onto McCracken (MAC) agar plates without streptomycin. 100 Pl of 1 0-5 dilution of donor cells and 10-5 and 10-6 recipient were also plated onto MAC plates with streptomycin. 00 Pl of 10-4 and 10-5 dilutions of the conjugation mixture cells were plated onto MAC agar with streptomycin. All seven plates were inverted and placed in a ETC incubator for about 24 hours. The bacterial colonies on each plate were counted the next day (colony counts seen in Table l). Donor colonies were picked with a sterile loop and placed into a sterile test tube containing LB broth. Recipient and transcontinental colonies were also isolated and placed into sterile test tubes containing LB broth and streptomycin. The tubes were then placed in a 37 C shaking incubator at 250 RPM overnight. After the incubation, 1. 5 ml of each of the three cultures were added to offender tubes and centrifuged at 13,200 RPM for 1 minute. An alkaline lysine procedure like that of Bromine and Doll was then performed to extract the lassie DNA with 200 Pl of alkaline SD detergent solution (Bromine Daly, 1979). After the alkaline lysine procedure was complete, the pellets were washed with a 100% ethanol and stored in a -ICC freezer. A 1% agrees gel in 0. 5 X TUBE buffer was prepared for gel electrophoresis in a gel tray. The gel tray was placed into the BIO-RADAR FIG Mapped apparatus. Loading dye was added and each sample (apron. 25 VI) was then loaded into a well. DNA markers were loaded into the first and last wells. The gel was run under program 4 for 16 hours, 180 volts forward and 120 volts reverse. When the program was knishes, the gel was placed into an tedium bromide solution to stain. After staining, the gel was gently rocked in distilled water. Using a Kodak IDEAS 290 imaging system, a picture of the gel was taken (which can be seen in Figure 1. 0). Results:During the experiment, donor (F+lack+stars) and recipient (F-lack-stir) cells were mixed and plated onto streptomycin indicator plates. Plasmid DNA was extracted from the donor and transcontinental cells and FIG electrophoresis was used to determine the plasmids size. After plating and incubating the bacterial dilutions, the cell colonies were counted. It was observed that all of the donor ells were red, all of the recipient cells were white, and the conjugation culture cells were a mix of red and white. There were too many (>300) red colonies to count on the donor 10-5 MAC agar plate and 60 red colonies on the donor 10-6 MAC agar plate. No colonies were seen on the donor 10-5 MAC agar + strep plate. There were 126 white colonies on the recipient 10-5 MAC + strep plate and 32 white colonies seen on the recipient 10-6 MAC + strep agar plate. The transcontinental 10-4 MAC + strep agar plate had 206 red and too many white colonies to count, while the transcontinental 10-5 MAC + strep agar plate had 26 De colonies and 86 white colonies (seen in Table l). Using the cell counts and their dilutions, the culture concentration was calculated. The concentration of donor cells in the 10-6 dilution was xx cells/ ml_. The concentration of recipient cells in the 10-6 dilution was 3. Axis cells/ml. The concentration of transcontinental cells in the 10-5 dilution was 2. Xx cells/ ml (Table II). The conjugation efficiency was calculated to be 16. 25% (Table Ill). Upon completion of a FIG electrophoresis, marker standards were used to determine the plasmid size and the distance traveled. The size and mobility f the bands in Marker II (Figure 1. 0) were measured and a standard curve was generated ( Figure 2. 0). This curve was then used to determine the plasmid size present in the donor and transcontinental cells. The plasmid was not present in the recipient cells. ) The plasmid traveled 14. 5 mm and was approximately 101 kilobytes long. Discussion:After plating the donor cells onto MAC plates that did not contain the streptomycin antibiotic, red colonies grew. This result is plausible because the donor cells contained the lack Oberon, which codes for enzymes that can utilize lactose as food. Cells containing this Oberon can grow on MAC plates because the plates contain lactose sugar. These two plates were then compared to the donor plate that contained the streptomycin antibiotic. No colonies grew on the streptomycin plate. This is because the donor cells did not contain the gene for streptomycin resistance. After plating the recipient cells onto MAC+strep plates, white colonies grew. This result is seen because the recipient cells lack the lack Oberon. These cells cannot utilize lactose as a food source. Also, the recipient cells were able to grow in the presence of streptomycin because they contained gene for resistance to the antibiotic. On the plates containing MAC+strep and 10-5 transcontinental cells, there were 26 red cells present. Ideally, because the cells were too dilute for conjugation to be seen, there should have been no red cells present. On the plates containing MAC+strep and 10-4 transcontinental cells, both red and white colonies were observed. The white colonies were recipient cells and the red were transcontinental. It can be determined that the red cells were the transcontinental because previously, red cells (which indicate donor cells) were not able to grow on plates containing streptomycin. Because they ere present on streptomycin plate, the cells must have undergone conjugation. After isolating the plasmids and running them on a FIG electrophoresis, it was observed that the plasmid was only present in the donor and transcontinental cells. This occurred because only the donor cells contained the plasmid. Because donor cells were not present in the recipient cells, no conjugation could occur; therefore, no plasmid would be seen in the recipient lane on the gel. The size of the F plasmid was determined by measuring the distance the plasmid traveled in the gel, and comparing it to a known marker (Marker II). The size of the F plasmid as determined to be approximately 97 kilobytes long. This was compared to the literature value, of approximately 100 kilobytes (Sealing, Paulson, and Cooper, 1991 Because the plasmid size is very close to the literature value, it can be concluded that the DNA plasmid was successfully isolated from the donor to the transcontinental cells. Genomic DNA was not transferred and no Hoff strains were formed. The conjugation efficiency was calculated and found to be 16. 25% on the transcontinental plates, meaning for every 100 cells on the plate, 16. 5 were transcontinental. A 16. 25% conjugation efficiency is a reasonable value. The value seen could be due to the fact that even though a donor cell contains the F plasmid, the plasmid is not always transferred into every single recipient cell. If this were the case, a conjugation efficiency of 100% would be seen every time. Comparing this value to an efficiency value seen in the literature of 94%, the value is a bit low (Kiang et al. , 2000). To increase the conjugation efficiency, the mixed donor and recipient cells could be left to sit for a longer period of time.

Free Essays on To Spank Or Not To Spank

To Spank or Not to Spank â€Å"No, Valerie! You can’t play with me!† a bratty six-year-old screamed at his helpless three-year-old sister. â€Å"Give me the controller now,† he demanded as he ripped it from his sister’s tender hands and pushed her to the floor. Then the toddler started to cry in pain and called for her father. Today’s parents deal with the form of discipline in a much more liberal sense. Many parents nowadays would sit down and talk with their young child explaining to them that what they did was wrong, but not to worry because it’s not really their fault because they didn’t know any better. Then they send their child off on a 15-minute â€Å"timeout.† However, I feel that modern means of child discipline are far too liberal and ineffective and that sometimes children need to be disciplined. Cornell West and Sylvia Ann Hewlett’s A World Upside Down takes us deep inside the world of teen violence, murder, crime, and suicide. Mind boggling facts such as â€Å"Children are now responsible for a staggering 20 million crimes a year† fill the article. West and Hewlett also write, â€Å"The enormous surge in youth violence is perhaps the most crueland most costlymanifestation of our inability to nurture our young† (West 103). Merriam Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary defines â€Å"nurture† as: training, upbringing; to educate; to further the development of. In that sense of the word, â€Å"nurture† it is parents’ responsibility to â€Å"educate† their children. Educate them how? Educate your children not only in school aspects, but also in morality. To nurture is also to train. Parents must also train their children to act in appropriate ways. I support Barbara Lerner and her thinking when she says, â€Å"Consider spanking. Effective moral education teaches children to make critical moral distinctions† (Lerner 138). In my opinion the liberal approach to discipline that many of today’s pa... Free Essays on To Spank Or Not To Spank Free Essays on To Spank Or Not To Spank To Spank or Not to Spank â€Å"No, Valerie! You can’t play with me!† a bratty six-year-old screamed at his helpless three-year-old sister. â€Å"Give me the controller now,† he demanded as he ripped it from his sister’s tender hands and pushed her to the floor. Then the toddler started to cry in pain and called for her father. Today’s parents deal with the form of discipline in a much more liberal sense. Many parents nowadays would sit down and talk with their young child explaining to them that what they did was wrong, but not to worry because it’s not really their fault because they didn’t know any better. Then they send their child off on a 15-minute â€Å"timeout.† However, I feel that modern means of child discipline are far too liberal and ineffective and that sometimes children need to be disciplined. Cornell West and Sylvia Ann Hewlett’s A World Upside Down takes us deep inside the world of teen violence, murder, crime, and suicide. Mind boggling facts such as â€Å"Children are now responsible for a staggering 20 million crimes a year† fill the article. West and Hewlett also write, â€Å"The enormous surge in youth violence is perhaps the most crueland most costlymanifestation of our inability to nurture our young† (West 103). Merriam Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary defines â€Å"nurture† as: training, upbringing; to educate; to further the development of. In that sense of the word, â€Å"nurture† it is parents’ responsibility to â€Å"educate† their children. Educate them how? Educate your children not only in school aspects, but also in morality. To nurture is also to train. Parents must also train their children to act in appropriate ways. I support Barbara Lerner and her thinking when she says, â€Å"Consider spanking. Effective moral education teaches children to make critical moral distinctions† (Lerner 138). In my opinion the liberal approach to discipline that many of today’s pa...

Project about Computer Managed Instruction (CMI) Essay

Project about Computer Managed Instruction (CMI) - Essay Example Since the advent of sophisticated technological means, the educators have been trying to modify the instructional process with the help of technology. According to Baker (1978, p. 3), early 1960’s brought with it â€Å"new curricula, instructional models, and approaches to individualization† of instruction but the drawback with these instructional schemes was their poor management. An ideal classroom environment is so dynamic in which each student presents his own understanding and is comfortable with his own set of instructional materials. Thus, the teacher needs to organize instructional schemes in such a way that all students with their unique calibers are equally attended to. Before CMI, teachers would process instruction manually but that process was inefficient when it came to collecting and summarizing instructional data for management purposes. This was when the need was felt to construct a reliable, fast and user friendly system which would process and manage m odified instruction. Thus, a shift was made toward computer-based data processing or more specifically CMI, which a lot of educators considered â€Å"as a reasonable model for the support of the management functions associated with the individualization of instruction† (Baker). CMI is one of the two types of computer based instructions; Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) is the other. CMI is an instructional scheme that makes use of the computer for obtaining learning resources and objectives, and to assess student performance, thus enabling the instructor to manage instruction in a more efficient way without having to get involved in the teaching process directly. In other words, there is no human interference. To be more precise, it helps the instructor in making effective instructional decisions by providing him with â€Å"diagnostic and prescriptive